Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) - Office of Legal Affairs, General Counsel and Secretary to the Board of Trustees

Freedom of Information Act Processing

Summary

Section 1 of the Michigan Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA” or “the statute”) provides, "It is the public policy of this state that all persons, except those persons incarcerated in state or local correctional facilities, are entitled to full and complete information regarding the affairs of government and the official acts of those who represent them as public officials and public employees, consistent with this act. The people shall be informed so that they may fully participate in the democratic process.”¹ To that end, all people, excluding prisoners, are allowed to file FOIA requests with a Public Body. A requester must simply file a request in writing with the Public Body’s FOIA Office (or Coordinator), and the Public Body will begin processing his or her request.²

The Public Body, in its initial response, will do one of the following within the timeframe permitted by the statute: grant the request, partially grant the request, deny the request, inform the requester that additional time is needed, require a fee deposit prior to further processing, or inform the requester that the requested public record has not been sufficiently described.

If a request is denied or partially denied, the Public Body will explain why the public records have not been released and inform the requester of his or her challenge and appeal options.

A fee deposit will be required when processing a request will require significant Public Body employee time and resources. The Public Body will notify the requester of the estimated cost and provide a non-binding, best efforts estimate of the time it will take to complete the processing of the request. It is possible that after further processing of the request, the Public Body will determine that the cost of processing the request is significantly less or greater than the estimated cost. If that is the case, the Public Body will notify the requester to allow the requester to determine whether and how he or she wants to proceed with the request.

After the Public Body receives a required deposit, it will make every effort to provide the responsive public records within the time estimate provided. Requesters must understand, however, that at any given time, the Public Body is processing multiple requests and cannot devote all of its time to one particular request. The Public Body will search only the most likely locations for responsive public records. The Public Body is not required under FOIA to search each and every record it maintains in order to discover material that might pertain to the specific request.

If a requester feels that he or she was wrongly denied responsive public records, he or she may appeal to the Head of the Public Body or file a civil action. If a requester believes that the Public Body has required a fee that exceeds the amount permitted under the Procedures and Guidelines, he or she may file a civil action. Requesters are also always free to contact the FOIA Office with any questions about the processing of their requests.

Detailed Procedures and Guidelines follow.

¹M.C.L.A. 15.231.

²Verbal requests for information are not FOIA requests for purposes of these Procedures and Guidelines. If a verbal request for information is received by a Public Body employee who knows that the information is available on the Public Body’s website, the employee, where practicable, will inform the requester about the Public Body’s website address.

Procedures and Guidelines

1. How to submit a FOIA request to the Public Body

A FOIA request must be submitted in writing to the FOIA Office (or Coordinator). The request may be transmitted in hard copy, by email, or by facsimile.
The Public Body FOIA Office (or Coordinator) address is: Freedom of Information Act Coordinator, Oakland University, 371 Wilson Blvd., East Wilson Hall, Ste. 3000, Rochester, Michigan 48309. The email address is: [email protected]. The fax number is: (248) 370-4474.
A request should describe the record(s) sought sufficiently to enable the Public Body to find the record(s) and should provide the requester’s contact information.
Requests should state that they are submitted pursuant to the Michigan Freedom of Information Act.
Requests received electronically are deemed received the next business day. A business day is defined as Monday through Friday, exclusive of holidays and institutional closure days.
If a request is delivered to the FOIA Office (or Coordinator) junk mail folder, the request will be deemed received one business day after the FOIA Office (or Coordinator) becomes aware of the request. The FOIA Office (or Coordinator) will check the junk mail folder at least once per week.

2. Responses to FOIA requests to the Public Body

The Public Body will respond to a FOIA request within five (5) business days of the FOIA Office (or Coordinator) receiving the request.
A response will consist of one or more of the following:
1. A granting of the request
2. A partial granting of the request, and a partial denial because some or a portion of the records do not exist, are not in the possession of the Public Body, and/or are exempt from disclosure
3. A complete denial of the request because all of the records do not exist, are not in the possession of the Public Body, and/or are exempt from disclosure
4. A notice that more time is needed to process the request
  1. If more time is needed, the Public Body will send out a follow up response within 10 business days of the initial response.
5. A notice that a fee deposit is required prior to further processing
  1. If a fee deposit is required, the Public Body will include in its response a non-binding, best efforts estimate regarding the time it will take to provide the records to the requester.
6. A notice that the record(s) sought has (have) not been sufficiently described to enable the Public Body to locate the record(s).
The response will state the FOIA exemptions under which any information and/or documents are withheld, if applicable.
If any part of a request for records is denied for any reason, the response will set forth the procedures for challenging and/or appealing that denial.

3. Deposit Requirements

A fee deposit will be required when the processing of a request will result in fees equal to or greater than $50.00.³
The required deposit will equal up to 50% of the estimated cost of fulfilling the request as calculated at the time of the initial response.
If the Public Body requires a deposit, it will not process the FOIA request further until the deposit is paid.
If, after receipt of the deposit and further processing of the request, the Public Body learns that the processing costs will be significantly different from the estimated costs, the Public Body will so notify the requester. Where the actual effort to search for, review and separate exempt material significantly exceeds the original estimate, the Public Body will notify the requester. The requester may choose to receive a revised fee deposit notice, or limit his/her original request to those records which may be processed within the time stated in the original fee estimate.
A person who makes a FOIA request for which a deposit is required may withdraw that FOIA request without charge instead of paying the required deposit. Failure to pay the required deposit within 30 days will be deemed a withdrawal of the FOIA request.
The Public Body will treat multiple concurrent FOIA requests on the same topic(s) and/or regarding the same record keeper(s) and from the same person as one FOIA request for purposes of determining whether the fee is below $50.00.
Where a requester who has not paid the final fee for the processing of an earlier request files a new FOIA request, the Public Body may require a deposit of all (100%) of the estimated fees for processing the subsequent request prior to processing the subsequent request.

³ The Public Body has determined, consistent with FOIA, that failure to charge fees in situations where the fees would be equal to or greater than $50.00 would result in unreasonably high costs to the Public Body.

4. Calculation and Payment of Fees

Fees are calculated by adding together the following costs⁴:
1. The labor costs⁵ for searching for, locating, and examining responsive records
2. The labor costs⁵ for review, separation, and deletion of exempt information from non-exempt information
3. The cost of non-paper physical media, if used
4. The cost per copy of paper copies, not to exceed $.10/page for standard 8 ½ x 11 inch paper
5. The labor costs⁵ directly associated with duplication or publication, which may include copying to non-paper media
6. The cost of mailing
Final fees for responding to a FOIA request must be paid within 30 days from the date of the Public Body’s correspondence containing the final fee.
The Public Body reserves the right to require payment in full of all fees incurred in processing a FOIA request before delivering the final, responsive documents.
The Public Body’s decision to deny access to public records sought by a FOIA request because those records are, in whole or in part, exempt from disclosure does not excuse the person who files that FOIA request from payment of fees for the work undertaken by the Public Body in response to that request.
The Public Body may waive or reduce the fees it is authorized to charge if it determines that a waiver or reduction of the fee is in the public interest because responding to the FOIA request can be considered as primarily benefiting the general public.
Fee reductions or waivers are required in certain instances involving proven indigence or non-profit organizations. The Public Body will apply these reductions or waivers in accordance with the statute.

⁴ The standard forms that the Public Body uses for fee itemization, with additional explanatory information, are linked below under FOIA Fee Estimate Itemization Form and FOIA Final Costs Itemization Form.

⁵ Labor costs will be estimated and charged in increments of 15 minutes or more, with all partial time increments rounded down. The labor is charged at the hourly rate of the lowest paid Public Body employee capable of doing the work, plus fringe benefits, if applicable. If it is not possible for the work to be done by a Public Body employee, the Public Body will contract the work out and charge per the provisions of the statute.

5. Procedures for Challenge and Appeal

If the Public Body denies a request in whole or in part, the requester may:
1. Submit an appeal to the Head of the Public Body, in writing, via the FOIA Office (or Coordinator), using the contact information listed in Item 1, above. The appeal must specifically use the word “appeal” and identify the reason(s) the requester seeks reversal of the denial. The Head of the Public Body must respond to the appeal within ten (10) business days by doing one of the following:
  1. Reversing the FOIA Officer’s (or Coordinator) decision
  2. Upholding the FOIA Officer’s (or Coordinator) decision
  3. Reversing in part and upholding in part the FOIA Officer’s (or Coordinator) decision
  4. Issuing a notice of extension for not more than ten (10) additional business days.
2. Commence a civil action in the Court of Claims within one hundred eighty (180) days after the Public Body’s final determination to deny a request.
If a requester believes that the Public Body has required payment of a fee that exceeds the amount permitted under these Procedures and Guidelines, he or she may commence an action in the Court of Claims for a fee reduction within forty-five (45) days after receiving the notice of the required fee.
If a requester has questions regarding any FOIA response, including estimated fees or actual fees assessed, the requester should not hesitate to contact the FOIA Office (or Coordinator) by email at: [email protected], or by telephone at: (248) 370-3112.